Thursday, May 10, 2012

Assessing and Planning for the Potential of Financial Collapse

The way the US economy is going, this will become "funny money". The US needs to start making solid and intelligent financial decisions, and stop spending other people's money.  (Picture: merchantcashadvancebusiness.blogspot.com )
     
                                    This is the first in a series of posts on this subject
 
     A great deal of what I read lately talks about the "need to prepare for the coming financial collapse".  I am completely sold on the need to plan for whatever natural disasters occur in your state, or your nation. I am completely sold on the need to prepare for those disasters which have only rarely occurred in your nation. I think preparing for aberrations in weather is only intelligent. I am also sold on being able to run your home with almost nothing from the outside for a period of time following a terrorist attack.  I am also sold on being able to evacuate from home for a period of time, for any number of reasons. (Hazardous spill, forest fire, flood, etc.) I am less sold on the "certainty" of nationwide and worldwide financial collapse.
             First of all, the financial dire straights in which the United States, for example, finds itself, are man made problems.  The US quickly became accustomed to the plenty it enjoyed in the 1950s and 1960s, and frugality was all but forgotten.  Those who were frugal, at home or in government, were perceived as stingy, cheap, or miserly.  The US adapted rather well, to being a land of plenty.   In some ways this was understandable, and it helped to fuel some of the great generosity which the US has shown to other nations at times.  However, it was also responsible for many people and families never learning to budget, and for local governments learning to spend for schools which looked more like upscale shopping malls, when education can take place in any clean and safe building. Schools do not have to look like spas !  As a nation, we simply forgot frugality.  In the 1990s, there was still relative abundance for many people, and those people spent on top of the line vehicles, pools, and what we affectionately call in the United States, the McMansion.

A smaller McMansion     Traditionally, these are mass produced, sometimes tasteless and extravagant, and are often poorly or sloppily constructed.
 

  The McMansion is most often a suburban home, in a subdivision of like homes which has abundant space and features which formerly would only have been found in a very expensive country home occupied by a wealthy person.  The McMansion allowed lower or upper middle class people to have features in a home that before that time, were only found in the homes of the wealthy.   Traditionally, a couple who buys one has put a minimum of money down, and is making a hefty monthly mortgage payment.  In addition,  our nation began to think that it might be fundamentally unfair for people who had saved money to get a nice home, where people who were not good with money could not.  All of a sudden the banks were pressured by the government to make home loans to those with questionable credit, hard to verify or unsteady income, or those of a minority.  The banks began to make loans to many people who likely could not continue to make such high payments in all weathers and all circumstances. (Let alone who could maintain such homes.)    So, in 2008, during an economic slowdown the process began, and for four years now, we have been seeing job losses, and home losses as the people who took on mortgages they couldn't really afford lose their homes.   Next, the people who worked in construction or homeowner dependent businesses also lost their jobs, and after two or three years of being unable to find one, defaulted on THEIR homes.  Then, the people who owned businesses tried valiantly to keep those businesses afloat, for themselves, their families and their employees, and some of them mortgaged their own homes.  Now, THEY TOO are losing their homes.  The result is a terrible glut of homes on the market, many of whom have been vacant for an extended period and weren't maintained well when they were occupied.  In addition, with everything up for sale for a song, even solid homes now are worth a good deal less than they once were, thus eroding the wealth even of those who were responsible throughout the entire recession and before.
              Now, the opportunities in the US are limited.  Many jobs have been moved to Mexico, India or Canada.  The middle class in the US is shrinking.  There are a few wealthy people, and many, many poor people.  Before the last couple of years, I had never known anyone whose home was foreclosed upon.  Now, I have met and I know, many.

(  Picture: http://larrybuckalew.com)
 


               I am not a fan of Mr. Obama, and I never have been, however, he should not take the blame for ALL of our financial problems in this nation.  The 2008 big bank bail out began before Barack Obama took office.  In a capitalist system, large banks which don't work by virtue of making risky toxic loans, are bad businesses, and bad businesses fail.  In capitalism, when a bad business fails, the "know how" of the other employees goes to forming new smaller banks who make more solid decisions than their predecessors.  Capitalism works !    Rather than bailing out the large banks as a family might bail out a high school student with a new credit card, perhaps the government should have aided the remaining employees in terms of organizing smaller new banks.
             The Federal Reserve for example thinks that "quantitative easing" the printing of additional cash is a positive thing, when it fact it has been proven to cause inflation.
             The repair of the US economy could be accomplished in a couple of ways.   Dropping the federal tax on businesses to 10% for the next three years would start a bevy of new businesses, and would put many people to work.  Some of these businesses would develop rather quickly into highly successful entities. With so many people working, the federal government might not see the shortfall it would fear.   Dropping Obamacare completely, and simply carefully refining some of the rules by which health insurance companies operate would remove some of the uncertainty for families and for new businesses. This would help them to be more comfortable about hiring new people.  We need to completely revise immigration practices in the US.  Canada has a very clear system, yet we do not.   We need to send home criminals, and create a rational reasonable way in which people who benefit our country can come here to live.  When Canada does this, it's tolerated.  When the US does it, we are keeping poor people from opportunities.  I have news for you all.  There are no more opportunities here.  The jobs are gone except for fast food and businesses you create yourself.  We are living on borrowed time here. There is no recovery. It's a sham.  Our nation is headed for a collapse.
           Can the US make changes which allow it to gradually recover ?  Yes, indeed they can. Will they ?  I don't know. It isn't looking very good.  Our leaders quibble about things that will injure our economy furthur. They allocate huge sums for projects which cannot deliver as promised due to technological deficits, i.e. Solyndra.   Our educational system over all, is, and has been,slipping compared to the remainder of the world.  Much could be done to avert a US collapse and Depression.  However, our leaders would have to stop lying to themselves and to us concerning the supposed US economic "improvement".

( Photo: coinweek.com )
          

Tuesday, May 8, 2012

The Use of a TENS unit

A young woman using a TENS unit. This particular one uses four patches.

 

  The first Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (TENS)  Unit was patented in the United States in 1974.  The first units were large and fairly expensive, but based on the principle that patients with chronic pain could benefit from low level electrical stimulation of musculature.  Generally TENS is applied at high frequency (>50 Hz) with an intensity below motor contraction (sensory intensity) or low frequency (<10 Hz) with an intensity that produces motor contraction. It attaches to the patient using multiple electrodes and patches.   In the late 1970s and part of the 1980s we saw these given to patients upon physician order, and some of these patients felt they were very helpful. I recall some patients for whom we were able to give less of the narcotic they had been using over time.  This should not be confused with EMS or electro muscle stimulation. This is a different machine, and we are not discussing this within this particular post.   The TENs unit was used in palliative care and in chronic pain patients with some measure of success.  The effects most of us saw were in excess of those anticipated in simple placebo effect.   Over the course of my career, a number of things with regard to TENS changed.    First of all, as electronics  improved,  the units themselves became much smaller, more portable, and much less expensive.  Physicians, chiropractors, and others began to use TENS units for other uses. Some patients find relief from their pain with a TENS unit, and a few find it aggravates theirs.  I have used a TENS unit, while exploring one in a nursing lab, and I found that the sensation for me was very much like having my skin crawl.  This was not a pleasant sensation for me, and it caused me to liberate adrenaline.     The British have been exploring the use of TENS for patients in labor, and for many types of post operative pain.

                  It is important that you have a set of patches for each patient or family member who uses the TENS unit, to avoid cross-contamination.  Fortunately, extra peripherals for each device are relatively inexpensive, so you should keep extras on hand.


TENS unit from LG Medical
 


      There are a number of different types of patients who must not use a TENS unit.

1). Patients with an internal pacemaker or implanted defibrillator should not use TENS.  It is my personal opinion that persons with chronic cardiac rhythm disturbances should also probably not use TENS, or if they must, they should not use it on their chests or backs, other than perhaps their lumbar- sacral region or legs.
   (Cardiac rhythm disturbances include but are not limited to:  Long QT Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome, Paroxysmal or Chronic Atrial Fibrillation, Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) , etc. etc.)

2.)  Pregnant women should not use TENS over the uterus, until labor (when it is likely used on the lumbar-sacral region) because we do not know the effects of TENS on a very young or developing fetus.
3.)  Patients with malignant tumors should not use TENS as studies have demonstrated that mild electrical stimulation may stimulate tumor growth.
4.) TENS should not be used on the neck, the eyes or the head as it has demonstrated negative effects on blood pressure when used in these areas.
5.) TENS units should not be used without physician supervision on anyone with broken skin or rash, or internally without specific direction, physician order, and a special modified machine.
6.) Caution should be employed and a physician should order TENS carefully for patients with epilepsy, in the event that seizures are triggered.
7.)  Long term diabetics with peripheral neuropathy may benefit from the use of TENS but great care must be taken to avoid injury, as they may have diminished sensation in feet, legs, and extremities.
8.) DO NOT PLACE OVER ANYONES SPINAL COLUMN.
9.) Do not use over metal implants and do not use at home on a patient using any type of an EKG monitor or Holter monitor.
10.) Several references express great reservation in using TENs on those being treated for dementia.  Use with extreme caution for patients with dementia, as they may not be able to detect sensations which may result in damage, or be able to communicate discomfort.

        Despite all the cautions, TENS units may be of great benefit to many patients, who may be able to diminish pain medications they have been taking on a gradual basis under physician supervision.

        As persons interested in medical preparedness, a TENS unit could be an excellent adjunctive piece of equipment.  In emergencies we may not have access to medications for pain other than aspirin, acetaminophen or ibuprofen.  Use of a TENS unit for muscle strain could be very helpful to us.  I am also aware, that although this IS a federally regulated piece of equipment that should only be issued with a prescription, that some of you have found a way to buy one.  In good conscience, I can only recommend that you see a physician now, and get an order for one to aid you with low back or leg pain. It could be very useful to you if, in the future, you found medical access more difficult.  In Canada, it is available only with a prescription.

           How does a TENS unit work ?   Near as physicians can tell us, they theorize that both high and low frequency TENS settings help in the effectiveness of opioid receptors in the brain.  There are also effects on serotonin levels.   TENS works by fooling the central nervous system into believing all is well, and TENS actually also does stimulate the release of positive neurotransmittors.  In short, there is no way of predicting which patients will be aided by this device, and which ones will be simply annoyed by it.
           Still, when faced with a life on medication for some time, or a device in which the patient can adjust the stimulation to low or barely perceptible levels, then the purchase of a TENS unit looks attractive.    Functional and adequate TENS units are available for anywhere between $39.00 and $350.00      Insurance covers most of them with a physician's order, although you might be better off simply putting up the small amount of money needed.   Once you have done an adequate amount of research and have a cogent reason for wanting one, most physicians will write such an order.
         I hope this is helpful to you and any loved ones who need such a device.



Used on s lower back.

                                 



These are some reputable US suppliers:

http://www.lgmedsupply.com/?gclid=CKbzs4b08a8CFQrf4AodfRLHWA

http://www.bodyclock.net/acatalog/tensunit.html?gclid=CP_RoKX08a8CFQrf4AodfRLHWA

http://www.source1medical.com/s.nl/it.A/id.602/.f
        http://www.source1medical.com


***Readers are responsible to speak with their own physicians and/or nurse practitioners about the selection and  proper use of any TENS unit.  I endorse no particular supplier and no particular machine.  Readers are encouraged to do their own research prior to contacting their physicians about these devices.



Sunday, May 6, 2012

"Tornado Season"




                Some of the most successful posts we have had on "Rational Preparedness" have concerned emergency shelters of multiple varieties.   Yesterday, it was reported that a fourteen year old young man in Japan was killed by a tornado in Ibaraki Prefecture, East of Tokyo.  For a moment, I would like to revisit tornado protection.


Know the Difference – Tornado Watches vs Tornado Warnings:

  • Tornado Watch – Means the potential exist for a tornado to develop.  When a tornado watch is issued, you should take the time to make sure you are prepared.  Be aware of rapidly changing conditions, and be ready to take immediate action.  Monitor local media outlets for up-to-date weather information.  Review where you will go should there be a tornado.       
  • Tornado Warning – Means a tornado has been spotted or indicated on radar.   During a tornado warning, you should take evasive action.  Remain in shelter until the danger has passed and the warning has expired.  Monitor local media outlets for up-to-date weather information. 

What to do during a Tornado:

At Home:
  • Go to an interior room, away from windows. 
  • Go to the lowest level possible.
  • Do not open or close windows.
  • Crouch on the floor, and cover your head as much as possible.
At Work/School:
  • Go to lowest level possible, and find an interior room or hallway without windows.
  • Avoid large open spaces such as gyms and auditoriums. 
  • Crouch on the floor, and protect your head.
  • Look for Severe Weather Shelter Areas (located in select facilities) marked by this sign:
  • How you can prepare:

    Make a Plan –

    Whether you are at home or work/school, you should have a plan in place outlining what you will do during a tornado, or any emergency.  Identify shelter areas in your home and your office.  While on campus, look for the green Severe Weather Shelter Area signs.  Some areas may include a basement, underneath interior stairs, and interior closets.  Remember to chose interior locations on the lowest level possible, away from windows.  Avoid large open spaces such as auditoriums, gyms, and other rooms with large, open roof spans.   
    At home, know where and how to shut your utilities off (ie: gas, water and electric shut offs).  This may be important to know to prevent damaged and/or leaking /exposed utilities from creating more significant damage. 
    Know how you and your family will communicate after tornado.  Remember that phone lines may be down or busy after an emergency.  Consider designating a friend or relative outside of your community to call after an emergency to report your location and condition, or to find out information on your family.    

    We have already extensively discuss the formation of evacuation kits, and the kits needed in order to remain at home.   Both of these need to be ready for natural disasters.


    Some of the information above was found at:

    UNC Greenboro, NC


    Tornado damage in a modern home.



    Tornado, on its way.

Friday, May 4, 2012

A Visit to REI (Recreational Equipment Inc.)

REI interior
    





      One of my sons and I needed to travel to the city to buy some items to complete an ongoing project on which he is working. We completed our mission and had some extra time to check our a few stores before beginning the trip home, on what was shaping up to be a long hot day.
                    One of the places we stopped in is a store called REI.  I had never visited this store, but my son had, when he was in college. REI is a specialty shop which has multiple branches in larger cities in most of the East Coast and the West Coast of the United States.  The middle of the nation is not yet REI colonized.  There is a branch in Alaska also. According to the store's website, 23 climbing buddies started this venture, and it has now grown to be a business large enough to be considered to be "One of the 100 Best Companies to Work For" according to Fortune Magazine.  There is a lot to look at.  There is climbing equipment, sports clothing, camping equipment, bicycles, bicycle repair, expedition equipment and backpacks,  travelling packs of freeze dried foods, smaller amounts of first aid supplies.  (Broad selection, but geared for travel first aid kits, not home medical well stocked kits.)   It also has one of the nicest footwear selections I have seen anywhere. I especially liked the different varieties of hats which had the SPF rating on them.  I fell in love with an SPF 50 wide brimmed and light  hat, which will have to wait for another time. They have attractive clothing and particularly nice coats. All of it is well made.  There are sections for fitness, climbing and even travel.  As you might expect, although virtually everything in the store is quality and really well made, a lot of it is expensive.   However, I will be coming back.  In different areas of the store there are "Clearance" areas.   Depending upon your needs, there really are some good buys in these areas.  They also run some really excellent specials on some items.
               For those of you who can't schedule a trip to one of the cities where a branch of REI exists, there is a website:

            www.rei.com

     The website has an excellent "Sale and Clearance" area.   I would have posted a few of the really excellent items on sale from there, but they have blocked the copying of items from their website.

        What did I buy during my trip there ? 


I bought a couple of this Luna LED light which allows campers or travellers to plug into any USB power source including your computer, and have light bright enough to read, or as a nightlight during a power outage.  I thought these would be useful during travel, especially for reading.  This is well made, and one is $4.95 US in REI.









                   I also bought an Outdoor Weather Bank NOAA Travel radio for under $20. which also has a flashlight and digital clock.


I bought one of these as a gift  This was just a few dollars.



      I think it's worth looking through the website yourself.   Have fun.



Thursday, May 3, 2012

Helpful Medical Kits Items

Periodically, I profile general household tools which are nice to have.  Sometimes I profile kitchen and canning implements which would be wonderful to have, particularly those which operate without electricity.    Today, I am profiling medical supply items which would certainly be helpful.  Those new to preparedness should focus on the basic kits I discussed in earlier posts, rather than adding these refinement items, and diverting money from the basic kit every family really does need.





      The watches above were originally designed for nurses who need to count pulses, respirations, etc. periodically.  These are made from medical grade silicone which means that although the watches themselves cannot tolerate immersion or excessive exposure to water, that the silicone itself could be cleansed periodically with an alcohol swab, which makes these watches pretty desirable.  Note that they are upside down so that the nurse or medic need only look down to count the pulse when the watch is pinned to clothing.  In an emergency,  one or two of these would be wonderful to have.   They are being marketed on Ebay by a store named "arteleva".  You can run a search on Ebay for "  Silicone, Nurse, Medical, Military, Analog, Silicone, Watch"  and it comes right up.   Each watch is about $3.00 US and comes from China.  It might makes sense to have a few of these.   Of course any analog watch with a sweep second hand will do the job, and you may well choose to buy one of those.  Since the change in the rate or character or a pulse can be an important indicator in terms of patient condition, you should have a way of counting pulses.
   

The analog watch above is designed to be attached to the main tubing of a stethoscope. It could he helpful for medical personnel who are doing vital signs, but it also could be very helpful for those who are rendering some medical care in an emergency situation. Having an analog watch attached to a stethoscope at home could be very helpful. This is available from BP Medical Supplies which has an Ebay store. Go to Ebay.com and search "medical analog watch stethoscope" and it pops up. I have bought a variety of medical supplies from BP Medical in the past and I have found them to be reliable.   They also have a Facebook page, if you are a member.

 Speaking of stethoscopes, I recently needed one to hang in the tack room for our animals. I wanted a decent one but the watch word was inexpensive.  I do own a stethoscope for work for which I paid more than a couple of hundred dollars primarily for listening to heart valves, and this was definitely not the variety I needed for the tack room.  I wound up buying one from Wal-Mart's pharmacy for around $15.00 US.   I was flabbergasted at what nice quality and how comfortable this stethoscope was to use and to wear.  It was also long enough to reach larger animals, so it would certainly be wonderful for use for humans. Please consider this as a source too.    Walmart.com has all levels not only of the Littman Cardiology scope which is used by many physicians and nurses, but a very broad and excellent line of reasonably priced stethoscopes with aneroid sphygmomanometers. (blood pressure cuffs).    A blood pressure cuff is an excellent thing to have, and Wal-Mart not only has excellent reasonably priced examples online, but has everything from child to large adult cuffs.

Aneroid blood pressure cuff shown without stethoscope.  I prefer these to electronic varieties. Of course, one needs to have or buy a low priced stethoscope to obtain a blood pressure. This is a skill which can be learned very quickly and easily.





          Normally, I use a stainless steel set of fine needle forceps to remove splinters or ticks, and I soak them in alcohol before and after.   Sometimes in the throes of an evacuation, or travel, this might not be so easy.    For only $2.99 US plus postage, one can purchase a "Splinter Out" kit.   This contains ten wrapped small tweezers, I would imagine are intended to be disposable, for splinter or tick removal.   This is also available on Ebay from BP Medical.   Just go to Ebay, and search  "Splinter Out Kit".  It comes right up. They are also a good source of a variety of unusual splints and medical supplies for first aid kits WITHOUT a large minimum supply as is the case with a number of larger dealers who deal with the profession itself.

Ten individually wrapped sterile sets of tweezers for a reasonable price. Good to have for pets or for human beings. In my travels today, I learned that the price of these varies very widely. Make sure you check out several suppliers before buying.

          Another item which could be invaluable, is BP Medical's Padded Aluminum Support Splint.
 This can be used to immobilize arms or legs following fractures or soft tissue wounds.  Search on Ebay "Padded emergency splint 36"".
Ideally, we should have a number of these.




I have mentioned Apinol before. I have almost replaced neosporin at our farm with Apinol for mild to moderate lacerations or abrasions to skin.

              Apinol is a pine oil derivative, that I have mentioned before. Apinol is helpful in preventing infection in lacerations (cuts) and abrasions (scrapes) on normal skin. (I would not use Apinol in ears, close to eyes or on mucous membranes.) Apinol works well because it makes it difficult for bacteria, viruses and molds to replicate within a cut. The downside is that for a time, the user will smell like pine oil, or a bit like Pine-Sol. In our home, we have almost stopped buying neosporin because the bacteria on our skin either seems resistant or because the maceration which occurs as a result of the neosporin makes it harder for us to heal. Apinol is available at many smaller drugstores, or you can use Amazon.com or go to www.apinol.com

Tuesday, May 1, 2012

Lightning Protection for Trees

This is an example of lightning damage to a tree on our property.
           

        Lightning protection for trees is one of the fasting growing areas in lightning protection for lightning contractors. Only a trained and qualified arborist in tandem with a lightning contractor should attempt to provide lightning protection to a tree.  Once this is done correctly, these systems can be remarkably effective in protecting tall or prized trees.
             We lost an eighty year old oak tree last year to an afternoon lightning storm in August.  This is not only the loss of an historic tree, and an important focal point to the property, but quite a hazard as well.  The tree, which had been healthy with lots of branches and leaves was killed instantly, and was stripped of its bark at the lightning seemed to strike it almost in corkscrew fashion. Almost at once afterward, the tree began to rot, presenting quite a danger to anyone driving the private farm road which bisects one section of the farm.   Once we learned that trees could be protected, we were anxious to learn whether the three remaining large trees, near outbuildings, could be protected.   In 2002, The Tree Care Industry Association (TCIA) adopted the ANSI  A300 standard for installing lightning protection systems in trees.   Information on this can be obtained by calling the TCIA itself at 1.800.733-2622 .  This standard involves the use of thinner cables than would be used for the grounding of buildings.


(This picture of lightning from ehow.com, on lightning protection.)



         This is some information on how this works:

IPC Products: Grounding Options

Proper grounding is essential to the effective functioning of tree lightning protection systems. The procedure for grounding will depend upon the character of the soil and surrounding conditions
Please remember that the underground spread of the root system is usually equal in area to the spread of the branches above ground.
Extend standard conductor down trunk and out and away from base of tree in a shallow trench (approximately 6-8 inches in depth). This conductor shall terminate at a driven ground extending down to permanent moisture. A 1/2" x 10' Copper Clad Ground Rod, No. 138 and Bronze Ground Clamp, No. 50 provide effective grounding in normal soil conditions.

Fork Type Ground

The fork type ground system is often practical to use, due to soil conditions, nearness of trees to buildings, concrete sidewalks, property lines, etc. The standard down conductor is placed in a shallow trench and extended out from base of tree from 12 to 15 feet or even further. At end of this conductor a driven ground to permanent moisture is added. Standard conductors are attached to the main down conductor with No. 198 Fork Ground Connector and placed in shallow trenches forming a fork. Large trees require an additional ground.

Multiple Grounds

When it is impossible to drive ground rods to a distance of 10 feet, multiple grounds driven as deep as possible separated at least 6 feet apart are most effective (see illustration). Another alternative is copper ground plates buried in a shallow hole.Ground Interconnections
If the grounding of building protected with a lightning protection system is within 25 feet of a tree, the two systems should be interconnected. If the lightning protection ground of the tree is within 25 feet of a water pipe, sprinkler system, or a deep well casing, a bond connection should be made between them.

Trees in Groups

The major trees in a group can be protected to give ample protection for the smaller ones. If there are several trees in a row (all major trees), the grounding may be made by "common grounding" by trenching from the base of each protected tree to the depth grounds(s), as long as these depth ground locations are not more than 80 feet apart. Depth grounds shall be added as required. This avoids the practice of making independent groundings for each tree, thus reducing the cost of the lightning protection.

Grounding options were obtained from:   http://www.ipclp.com/html/aud_trees_ground.html

                                               ___________________

It is important to realize that grounding select trees will not protect them from coming down on you from tornadic activity, wind shear, ice storm or other issues other than lightning damage.  Still, for some of us in lightning prone properties it may still be worth the trouble and expense.

 This is detailed information as to how this is done:

Step by Step Installation

1) Survey the tree
2) Design system using the following criteria:

- Species of tree
- Height of tree
- Spread from drip line to drip line
- Trunk diameter at breast height
- Number of braces or cables
- Determine if there are other nearby utility grounds or metallic water pipes
By providing IPC with the above information, we can provide you with an estimated list of material requirements for the specific installation.
Tree protection installation standards require one downlead and ground on tree with a trunk diameter under 3' 0" and two downleads and grounds on trees with trunk diameter over 3' 0".
3) Determine ground rod location or locations beyond the drip line of the tree.
4) Climber ascends the tree to the highest main trunk extension
5) Climber drops a pull-up line for attaching the main standard copper cable with air terminal attached.
6) The parts bag with miscellaneous tools and materials are sent up to the climber.
7) Climber fastens the standard main air terminal on the highest accessible main trunk extension. This air terminal is fastened with copper nails provided.
8) Climber starts down, fastening the main downlead cable with bronze fasteners ever three feet all the way down to grade.
9) The ground crew will drive the 10 foot length ground rod or ground rods in a small ground pit located outside the drip line of the tree. The ground rod is driven into the ground with a special ground rod driver similar to a fence post driver. The ground crew trenches from the ground pit back to the base of the tree.
10) If the tree requires two main air terminals and download cables, a second standard or main air terminal and downlead is located on another high branch or trunk extension of the tree and the downlead is coursed to ground 180 degrees opposite the initial download.
11) Depending on the canopy size of the tree, two to four or more additional air terminals are installed on the main upper branches in a configuration to provide perimeter protection around the entire crown of the tree. Picture this similar to an inverted umbrella so that peripheral protection is provided 360 degrees.
12) Miniature copper cable or branch conductor is attached to each miniature branch air terminal, supported every three feet with bronze drive fasteners coursing back to the main trunk and fastening to the main conductor with a double or side-by-side splicer.
13) If any braces or cabling wires are used in the tree, these need to be interconnected to the main or branch conductor to establish common ground potential.
14) If the tree requires two standard downleads and grounds, these grounds or downleads must be interconnected. This interconnection can be made within the tree or can be done below grade in a semi-circle around the base of the trunk.
15) The ground crew continues to install the downlead cables in the trench(s) or "envelope type slit" of ground surface out to the ground rod(s) and connection made with two-bolt clamp(s).
16) It is important the ground cover over the trench be replaced so the terrain is in its original condition
17) Occasionally, it is desirable to check the ground resistance. A ground ohms resistance tester is used to measure the effectiveness of the individual grounds as well as the complete grounding system.


This step by step information was obtained from:   http://www.ipclp.com/html/aud_trees_how.html


(photo: panoramio.com)




The Virginia based group who installed our lightning protection for all our buildings will be returning shortly with an arborist to complete the work of protecting our three remaining very tall trees.  I'll post some pictures when they do.






Monday, April 30, 2012

This is a Drill !

(Photo: cswisdom.com)

 
     This is a quick mental exercise for you.  Although there are never tornadoes in your area, your Spring weather has been unusual. Overnight, a tornado has significantly damaged the electrical infrastructure where you live, and your water will likely be out there for at least two weeks.  Some of your neighbors lost everything. You awaken to a bewildering site, but with minimal damage to the outside of your home.  You are being told to lock up and to evacuate.  A bus is coming to evacuate you and your family in two hours.  What do you gather ? What do your turn off ?  What are your plans with your pets ?



For the sake of this exercise, this is your closest neighbor's home.   (Photo: http://www.theoaklandpress.com)

 There are many different ways to respond to this scenario and many of them would be correct. What is most important is that you do have sufficient of the mental work done in this exercise to react correctly and not waste time.   Since your house has only superficial loss of trim and exterior items due to wind, it is still important to find the gas turn off, and turn it off immediately, should you have gas.   It is also a good idea to shut off your water should you depend upon municipal or city water.    If you are a rural person, and your generator permits you to pump well water, you may still wish to hear from your area, that it is still safe to do so, although it likely is.
     Whether you evacuate or not, largely depends upon whether this is a mandated evacuation or whether this is an optional one.  If you have small children, or are elderly, it might be a good idea to evacuate, as injuries could occur without electricity for an extended period.   If you are set up for long term power outages, you may wish to stay, to avoid looting of your home,
      If you evacuate, you need to bring:

    1. Your regular medications and those for any family members.
    2. First aid evacuation kit
    3. General evacuation kit     All of which we discussed when the blog began
        aka "Bug Out Bag:.   Remember solid protective shoes and socks for everyone.
    4.  Food and water for evacuation.
    5. Pet evacuation kit including their food and dishes.
    6. Your pets and family
    7. Your Evacuation Document File
    8. Medical Evacuation notebook.

It is also essential that you lock everything before your departure.    Your valuables should be in a hidden safe anyway.

     Since you have animals, you should evacuate using your own vehicle, not the bus which is coming.


          In such a situation,  in a rural area without water or sewer provided here, we would likely remain.   We would use our diesel supplies to fuel our generator to pump each days water.  Then we would depend upon the battery array for electricity for refrigeration, and lights.  (The generator powers both the pump and allows us to store a days charge on our marine battery array through inverters.)   Life would not be grand, but it is survivable.  We would bucket flush our toilets.   We would eat easily prepared foods and cook using our gas stove or gas grill, for which we use tanked fuel.  (There are no gaslines here)  We would not leave home unless we wished to add to the stockpile of diesel fuel we would be gradually depleting.

      After power restoration, other than clean up and repairs, to restock we would need to:

 1. Restock emergency foods used, and any bottled water we used or gave to trusted friends.
 2. Restock any fuels used.
 3. Arrange any necessary inspections or repairs of essential systems.

        This is not complete or comprehensive.  It would not be possible for us to set out every potential task or possibility here.  What is important is that you think about, and plan for the possibilities yourself.

  These are some of our prior posts which may help you with this task:


Discussing Evacuation:
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2011/09/rational-preparedness-2-0912-by-prepper.html

Creating emergency kits for home base:
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2011/09/creating-your-own-emergency-medical-kit.html

Continuation of the emergency medical kit for home:
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2011/10/continuation-of-emergency-medical-kit.html

Deciding which foods to stock:
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2011/10/deciding-which-foods-to-stock.html

Formulating farm disaster plans:
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2012/01/ideas-for-formulating-farm-disaster.html

Emergency preparations for pets:
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2012/01/emergency-preparations-for-pets.html

Assembling your own excellent first aid kit:
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2011/12/assembling-your-own-excellent-first-aid.html

Considering an Escape Cabin for Emergencies:
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2011/12/considering-escape-cabin-for.html

The Document Evacuation Bag:
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2012/03/document-evacuation-bag.html

How are your Evacuation Kits, and your Medical Kits ?
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2012/03/how-are-your-medical-kits-evacuation.html

Planning for Tornadoes:
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2012/04/thought-on-planning-for-tornadoes.html

Evaluating the Need for a Safe:
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2012/04/evaluating-need-for-safe.html

The Evacuation Notebook: Personalized Information:
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2012/04/evacuation-notebookpersonalized.html

Information on the Diabetic Ecase:  Updated:
http://rationalpreparedness.blogspot.com/2012/01/updated-information-on-diabetic-ecase.html